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Subject: Revised Syllabus for Departmental Examination for Promotion from ‘SEA to AE’ The Syllabus for the departmental examination for promotion from SEA to AE has been revised and it will be effective from the next examination. The existing pattern of examination has also been changed. The new pattern of examination will be as below. 1. Paper – I Broadcast Engineering Separate papers for Sound and Television (1A & I B) as on now have been replaced by a single paper here after named as "Broadcast Engineering". 2. Paper – II (A) Radio Engineering Searate papers for Sound Transmitter and Aerial System and Sound Studio Systems { II A & II (B)} as on now have been replaced by a single paper here after named as "Radio Engineering". 3. Paper – II (B) Television Engineering Separate papers for Television Transmitters and Television Studio System { II (c) & II (D)} as on now have been replaced by a single paper here after named as "Television Engineering". 4. Paper – III – General Subjects Same scheme with modified syllabus. A candidate will have to appear for Paper 1, II (A) or II (B) & III. In all the three papers i.e. Paper I & III are common to all candidates and II (A) or II (B) could be selected as optional paper. REVISED SYLLABUS FOR DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATION FOR PROMOTION FROM SEA TO AE PAPER – I BROADCAST ENGINEERING Pattern of the question Paper: Out of nine questions Six questions are to be answered inclusive of question No. 1 which is compulsory. (Question No. 1 carries 20 marks and others carry 16 marks each) 1. Analog Electronics a. Vaccum tubes: Characteristics of power triodes and tetrodes, klystrons and TWT.
2. Fibre Optic System Optical Spectrum, Optical wave guide, Losses in optical fibres, Dispersion, Types of Optical Fibres, Optical Sources; LED, LASER and Comparison of LED & LASER. 3. Fundamentals of Digital Technology & Computer Number systems; fundamental of Boolean algebra; basic logic gates; combinational and sequential logic circuits; registers; counters; semi-conductor memories; RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, various logic families; multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoders & decoders, analogue to digital and digital to analogue convertors. positive triggered and negative triggered latches, Microprocessor & Micro Controller. Bit rate, Baud rate, Bit error rate, sampling, quantization (uniform & non-uniform), Encoder, Decoder Low pass filter, Audio/Video Compression Techniques, error correction codes, channel coding, Digital modulation techniques, ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) Basic concepts/principles relating to Computer hardware, common application software packages and internet application, etc. 4. Electronic Measurements Measurement of current, voltage, power, impedance, frequency and associated test and measuring instruments; cathode ray oscilloscope – its working and applications, spectrum analyser, log units – dB, dBm, dBu, dBr, dB(m v/m). 5. Radio wave propagation : Radio frequency spectrum allocation for Sound & TV broadcasting in AIR & DD; mechanism of propagation of Radio waves; ground, sky and space wave propagations; ionosphere & its role in long distance communication, Fresnel Zone. 6. Satellite Broadcasting Orbital concept, various types of orbit of satellite, Geo-stationary orbit, Look angle, range of the satellite, concept of satellite communication, RF bands, concept & block diagram of transponder of the satellite. uplink/down link chain, link Budget, eclipse, Analog cum digital SCPC, Satellite Transmitter & receiver, SNG, Digital video broadcasting through satellite, IRD, DSNG. PAPER – II (A) RADIO ENGINEERING Pattern of the Question Paper : Question I is compulsory (Covers Transmitter & Studio) (20 Marks). Part I – Sound Transmitter & Aerial Systems contains 5 Questions (16 Marks each) Part II – Sound Studio System contains 5 Questions (16 Marks each) Candidate has to answer 5 questions from Part I & II selecting atleast 2 questions from each part. Part 1) Sound Transmitter & Aerial Systems 1. Studio-transmitter Programme Linkage Working principle and characteristics of Non-exchange Telephone/FM/Analog and digital Microwave links. 2. Signal processing for input to the transmitter Working principle and characteristics of equalisers. Importance of use of limiters and audio processors for AM and FM transmitters. Working principle, characteristics, detailed block diagram and line up procedure of AM/FM limiter. 3. Amplitude Modulated broadcast transmitters. Amplitude Modulation Principles and Systems. RF and AF stages and their alignments Additional features in New Generation AM Transmitters, grounded grid amplifier. Principles and working of class ‘D’ operation and D.C.C. for improving efficiency of AM transmitters. Principles of PWM, PSM and DSB. Combining and Diplexing of transmitters. Dummy Load, Cooling arrangements in high power transmitter, Control systems in old and new generation transmitters. AC and DC power supply systems for AM transmitters. Solid state PAs.
Design consideration and characteristics of various types of transmitting aerials and feeders used with MW and SW broadcast transmitters; impedance matching of feeders with aerials; ATU. Diplexing and throw in problems, Directional antenna, beam changing. Basic principles, fundamentals of transmission line, characteristic impedance, Types of losses in transmission lines, standing wave ratio, reflection coefficient, quarter and half wave length lines; Reactance properties of transmission lines, Impedance variation on mismatched transmission line. Smith Chart and its use.
Principles of Frequency Modulation. Noise consideration in FM. Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis in FM transmitter. Block Diagram of FM Transmitter, New generation solid state transmitter. Block diagram, characteristics and working of different sections of the FM transmitter. Control Circuits, Characteristics of Pole/ Panel type Antenna and Feeder line used with the FM Transmitter. Combiner, 3dB coupler, Directional Coupler, Power dividers and matching of antenna. Use of Diplexer, Dehydrator. Remote operation of FM transmitter (Telemetry)
Salient features of the sub-station and power supply distribution. Power, audio and RF earthing consideration. Safety Devices.
Standard measurement required to be carried out for checking the performance of AM and FM radio broadcast transmitters and the condition of the aerial and feeder lines – their definitions, tolerance limits including frequency deviation/spurious harmonics and test benches. Part 2) Sound Studio Systems 1. Nature of Sound Characteristics of the human ear; frequency and amplitude range; reverberation of sound in enclosures; 2. Microphones Working principle; characteristics and application of various type of microphones in radio broadcasting. Cordless microphones, Stereo Microphones. Phantom Power Supply. 3. Loudspeakers Types and characteristics of loudspeakers for quality monitoring and listening of sound, Near Field Loudspeakers. 4. Recording/reproduction of sound Principles of magnetic tape recording, Multi-track Recording, Stereo Recording, Console Tape Recorder, R-DAT, CD Player, CD Writer, Principles of Hard disc based Audio Recording, editing & playback. Concepts of Digital Audio compression. Turn Tables; their salient features, operational & maintenance practices. Use of standard tapes for aligning magnetic recording equipment. Use of standard CD for Audio measurements. Storage of recording media and archival practices. 5. Sound Studios Salient features of a typical sound studio set-up in AIR and the technical facilities provided therein, audio schematic and signal levels in the studio chain of equipment; working principles and characteristics of various type of amplifiers and audio mixers including multi function stereo console. Audio Routine switcher, Active dubbing console, Phone in Equipment, Control of Reverberation Time and noise in studio. Types of Acoustic Treatment and Artificial Reverberation Time Generator. 6. Outside – broadcast Salient features of the technical arrangements for coverage of outdoor events in the open and auditorium; working principle and characteristics of equipment in the OB Van. Portable OB recorders and mixers. PA system. 7. Reception of radio signals Principles of AM and FM radio reception; characteristics of the domestic & communication receivers. 8. Proformance measurements on sound equipment Standard measurements required to be made on amplifiers, Mixers, Consoles, CD player, magnetic tape recorders & radio receivers – their definitions, tolerance limits and test benches. 9. Programme Networking Analog/Digital Captive Earth Station and RN Terminal and their performance measurements. PAPER – II (B) TELEVISION ENGINEERING Pattern of the Question Paper : Question I is compulsory (Covers Transmitter & Studio) (20 Marks). Part I – Television Transmitter, Aerial & Satellite Communication Systems contains 5 Questions (16 Marks each) Part II – Television Studio Systems contains 5 Questions (16 Marks each) Candidate has to answer 5 questions from Part I & II selecting atleast 2 questions from each part. Part 1) Television Transmitters, Aerials & Satellite Communication Systems 1. Studio – transmitter programme link : Working principle and characteristics of portable and fixed Studio Transmitter microwave links.
Working principles and characteristics of hum suppressors, stabilising amplifier and the video precorrectors.
Types of modulation for the vision and sound RF carriers both in Analogue and Digital transmitters.
Circuit considerations for the exciter stage of the vision and sound transmitters and for stabilization of carrier frequency; modulation of intermediate frequency; vestigial sideband shaping; power amplification of modulated vision and sound carrier; control, protective, monitoring and rectifier circuits and the arrangement for cooling of thermonic tubes in the transmitters; Solid State TV Transmitters including exciter, control and power amplifier stages; diplexing of the vision and the sound transmitter output power; Dummy load; characteristics of the high gain VHF/UHF antennae; arrangement for coupling the output power to the antennae; the characteristics of the low loss RF feeder cable; power and the audio/video earthing considerations.
The salient features of the LP/VLP TV transmitter equipment; characteristics of the transmitting aerials used with such transmitters.
Various types of uplink systems (permanent Earth Station, TRACT Vans, SNG, DSNG); Simulcast transmission. Calculation of Look Angles and Link Budget. Analogue/Digital, TVRO terminal equipment (including PDA, Feed & LNBC, etc.).
Part 2) Television Studio Systems 1. TV Studio a. Salient features of a typical TV studio; video and audio schematic.
2. Video Tape Recording Principles of magnetic tape recording of television signal, helical video tape recording formats; block schematic of a typical helical VTR; functional details of the tape transport, control system, servo system, video and audio signal processing circuits in helical VTR; timing errors in helical VTRs; working principles of digital time base corrector; electronic editing of video recordings; characteristics of video tapes and cassettes and their handling. Betacam S.P., Digital VCRs. Various storage devices for video, concepts of video digital compression, Non linear editing systems. Paint Box for video graphics. Digital video library system.
Block schematic of a colour TV receiver; working principles, sections of the modern colour TV receiver.
Working principles and characteristics of TV OB Van and the microwave link equipment; arrangement for TV coverage of outdoor events. 5. Performance measurements Standard test and measurements required to be performed on video; impairment of video signals – their definitions, tolerance limits methods of testing and the test benches. PAPER – III GENERAL SUBJECTS Pattern of the question Paper: Out of nine questions Six questions are to be answered inclusive of question No. 1 which is compulsory. (Question No. 1 carries 20 marks and others carry 16 marks each) 1. Safety precautions including First aid, etc. and Fire fighting. a. General information on safety, electricity rules, fire fighting equipment and first-aid equipment etc.
2. Store purchase rules, Stores, indents and purchases, receipt and issue, management of the stores, transit insurance, surplus, defective and unserviceable stores-disposal thereof, inventory control of transmitting tubes and other spares. 3. Principles of Power Supply systems, Air-conditioning and ventilation and Diesel Generators : a. Power Supply Distribution System(HT/LT Panel) Power factor and power factor correction, Types of HT/LT cables; Power supply systems operation and maintenance thereof. OCB, MOCB, ACB & VCB, Power Supply Safety devices, Over current, Earth fault, Series/Shunt trip coils, IDMT relay, Single phase preventer, etc.
4. Installation/Projects
a. Site selection of AIR/DD projects. Transmitter Installation.
5. Station Management a) Leadership and Supervision : Nature of Leadership, Leadership Style. b) Communication: Communication Process, Barriers of Communication, Semantics of communication, Body Language, Listening. c) Inter-personal Relations. d) Conduct Rules, Discipline Rules and Fundamental Rules. e) Budget Management f) Security concepts. Exam Papers 2006
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